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After six years of rehabilitation and spent EUR 124.5 million (figures omitted City Council bilingual newspaper distributed free to visitors) Cibeles Palace, former palace of Communications has reopened its doors to the public as future living space new City "," innovative cultural center, " Information Center XXI century" and " forum dedicated to collective thinking and social disclosure on the life and urban dynamics . "

moved more by curiosity than as pedantic verbiage, I decide to turn a visit to the centenary abrileña building this morning, taking advantage of the invitation to the citizens in the "Days Open " 1

the visit, up the monumental staircase, the former banking hall, renamed" attention span and cultural information "and still" battling "a small army of guards, cleaners, informants and various personal and unclassified. Noteworthy is the presence of visitors, mostly retirees, alone, in pairs or in flocks, especially abundant in the queue forming at the counter where they hand out the tickets to enter the tower .

The rehabilitation, carried out by the team of architects that won the contest, has kept and clean, thankfully, the huge space of the former banking hall getting more light. Have also retained the old desks. Immediately raise his eyes to the magnificent glass roof covering the central hall which allows to appreciate the size, clearness and neatness of this great space.

In this court, the most important unit of the building, has mounted an exhibit, curated by the study Arquimática "on the history of the Palace and is, along with the panoramic view from the tower, what most interested me. After completing the visit, I have consulted other sources, with the help and information panels that facilitate the exposure light, this brief outline history of the building :

Polentinos Account Count (1946) 2 that where now stands the Palace of Cybele, was in the late nineteenth century, gardens, " place of recreation and fun in the neighborhood of Madrid with trellis and iron gates and brick walls ." Held in the gardens and floral displays, anecdotally it is said that they were housed for an entire winter in their curious rooms, a tribe of Eskimos and other African savages who were often visited by the public. There was also inside a slide or roller coaster "highly gifted youth."

a law in 1904 authorized the reversion to the state of these lands, which until then was leased to the City, in order to construct a building for the central government Direction and Post and Telegraph. Called the competitions, the winner (1905) the project presented by young people Machimbarrena Ochamendi architects Joaquín and Antonio Palacios Ramilo, the second being submitted for another couple of architects Jesus Carrasco Encina and Joaquín López Saldaña .

The day September 12, 1907 he laid the first stone of the building whose works were completed in 1918. Palacios, with the help of Otamendi, attempt to reconcile the actual functionality of a commercial establishment with severe aspect of public buildings. The result, according to some, was a large mole " curd and meringue tower " 3 in calling the English Renaissance style, which the people of Madrid, with his usual wit baptized soon as Our Lady of Communications.

With more than literary grace, not good intentions, the writer Ramón Gómez de la Serna and greeted the new cathedral in Madrid: "This building Madrid officially reach unprecedented architectures, or for God or for pure aristocracy before, but a little to communism and noting the height of democracy. It is this architecture of hybrid and reasonable and at the same time, the modern thing bizarre, however, characterizes Madrid and most of all the characterized in the future " 4 .

the work is used in large amounts of iron, stone, glass and slate. Palacios first used in the construction of the plant the metallic structure which had the cooperation of the industrial engineer, a specialist in steel construction, Angel Chueca, father of the architect Fernando Chueca Goitia, a great admirer of the work of Palacios. In the sculpture, of a historicist, very rich, had the assistance of the sculptor, Angel Garcia, a regular in the works of Palacios.

Communications Palace had and still has supporters and detractors, but today, whatever their aesthetic value, is an essential building that is part of Madrid's urban scenery, and this is one of the most viewed and monuments photographed Madrid .

The historical exhibition is complemented by photographs and a video of "Postmen in Action small screen projected that almost no one is looking.

The second part of the exhibition deals with the "Cibeles reinvented." In 2000 the City acquired the building (no financial details of the operation) and carries out a first phase of rehabilitation through the Directorate General of Heritage (grand staircase, auditorium, windows ...). For the second phase is called an international contest of who wins the project " The heart of the city " presented by " Arquimática ," the study of Francisco Rodriguez Partearroyo. The proposed new cultural center CentroCentro (weird name) has allowed the recovery of emblematic buildings such as the banking hall, the plenary hall, the old tower, the room battles giving them a new cultural use.

We left

the second floor, but first take a look and try out the furniture in the rest areas, right and left of the entrance. The free newspaper we are told that this furniture is " of a lightweight, structurally sober and brilliant chromaticism", designed by architect and interior designer Peter Feduchi. Furniture seem more typical of a child's room and poverty and extreme discomfort.

ascend to the tower by the stairs, but not before stopping in plants third, fourth and fifth, where there is mounted another exhibition of large photographs of Javier Campano and Ana Muller on the rehabilitation process the building. The most interesting of these plant is to observe the internal metal frame and watch from the height of the runway in sight of the hall, down, and glass, up .

Finally we reached the sixth floor E, where an elevator leads to the lookout tower. The effort is worthwhile. The panoramic view on a clear day is breathtaking. They are the four cardinal points of Madrid, the great buildings, the hill of Los Angeles, Casa de Campo. Ahead of the Gran Via and the foot of the goddess Cibeles fountain. A treat for fans to see and photograph Madrid from above.

The decline, careful not to slip! I can admire a side stairs, baseboards, or pieces of tile from Seville. They are, for those who like trivia, Ramos Rejano house established in the Triana district that had offices in Madrid Zorrilla street # 4, near the studio of architect Palacios.

visit, finally, the first floor with an appetizer of what will be ( Deo Volente ) this CentroCentro, has installed the exhibition "Residents and passers ," a video work, no doubt interesting, Juan Manuel Castro Prieto and Manuel Vázquez. There is, however, no grace, like a fairground attraction parochial cheap, video boxes bully historical figures whose features can be altered by capturing the features of the user. A joke.

the background of this plant, the new work is the auditorium, all in wood can generate a strange sense of claustrophobia and secrecy.

The visit, a little tired of going up and down stairs, I bittersweet. On the one hand, the work seems to me splendid rehabilitation, apart from some minor details. In another, I arise serious doubts about the profitability of the operation, the work "pharaonic" paid by the locals, the cost is hidden, and as for future use "intercultural" in both space recovered. The time and the Selectmen will have the word .

© Manuel Martínez Bargueño

April, 2011

If you have interested in this post and want to ask, comment or contribute something about it, you can leave a comment or write to my email manuelblas222@gmail.com with confidence be promptly addressed.

Spread among your friends this blog.

Thanks. Manuelblas

NOTES

1. Palacio de Cibeles. Open Days. From 27 March to 27 July. Tuesdays through Sundays, 10 to 20 hours. Free admission.

2. Conde de Polentinos " The solar Communications Palace" in "Post and Telecommunications " n º 26, July 1946, pp. 16-7.

3. Federico Romero. " On the Calle de Alcala. voice evocations flies. Madrid. Successors Rivadeneyra, 1953, pg. 209.

4. Ramón Gómez de la Serna. "The house Post " . Elucidatory Madrid, 1931.

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A bad job. That said,

and take them as absolute truth ... Nothing is absolute.

Now that we have left behind the cold and lack of light, I wonder: What must be put to face now?

Light and heat,

much light and heat bathing the track that spreads to each of the training sessions, each of the athletes, to me.

The sessions are longer in talks and sometimes even have to call more attention to young to remember the purpose of our activity. Although it has a positive side as sociability, camaraderie, and the rest we all already know, is not our main purpose.

At these temperatures, gives the impression that the pain will dissipate, the discomfort disappeared and the lesions were recovered earlier.

I always thought that this work without reward, or at least paid inconveniently, it is much harder than it seems because you work with people.

As a personal trainer are the one who manages, or assists in managing their dreams, they also have next to your athletes, helping them to fit their failure to overcome their fears ... And while you manage your own dreams, to fit your own failures and overcome your fears ... because they also are a person.

As I said, it's good weather, and with it the outdoor season, leagues, championships and all the challenges we've been working so hard for cold and dark months.

Now it is enjoyed.

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Cibeles Palace International Institute (Miguel Angel 8)

When I was a young officer, stationed in the Ministry of Education and Science, late 60's of last century, used to come here many letters, especially the United States, directed to a so-called "International Institute " The postmen of the time, ignorant of English, deposited by ministerial approach to the post office. A server that was then in charge of administrative information office of the Department and that he knows a lot about the history of Spain, knew nothing, of course, the existence of the International Institute, so I'm afraid, not knowing where the re-dispatch , these letters remained unanswered.

I came in this anecdote to mind days spent visiting the headquarters of the International Institute calle Miguel Angel, 8, into the range of those buildings in Madrid created or linked in some time, as is the case The Board Advanced Studies inspired by the Free Institution of Teaching .

I appreciate the warm welcome and facilities Pilar Piñon, executive director of the administration of the International Institute in Madrid has given me to visit the center and get photos and the guidelines of your library Nuria Segui, twenty-five years in the institution, to know the long history of the International Institute, referring to its website http://www.iie.es/ and, in particular the book by Carmen de Zulueta (sold commercially) " Missionary, feminist and educators. History of the International Institute " 1 I could borrow a library. This is a dense book, well documented, with many file data, rich in names and dates, not easy to follow at times. In both sources, website and book Zulueta, I have relied for the preparation of the following summary of the history of the International Institute.

International Institute Foundation (in 1892) and long survival time to date, to the great crises of the recent history of Spain can not be explained, Zulueta writes without conjunction of a number of factors and English Americans that " combined with the personality of the founder, Alice Gordon Gulick, gave the Institute a strong momentum and a special character that has kept him alive throughout the years ." Among the factors it should be noted American Protestant missionary movement, a pioneer in higher education of women coming to Spain in the late nineteenth century building on the religious freedom recognized in the Constitution of 1869, and among the factors English, " the Krausist group's existence, the inspiration of the Free Institution of Teaching [that] also a decisive influence on the development International Institute . "

Alice Gordon Gulick (1847-1903), an educated woman for a lifetime of educational and religious mission in the prestigious Mount Holyoke Seminary, was sent to Spain in December 1871 by the Board of Foreign Missions (American Bord of Commissioners for Foreign Missioners in ABCFM acronym), together with her husband, also a missionary William H. Gulick (1835-1922).

Incidentally, the reading thread Zulueta, the English (educated) know very little about the history of Protestantism in Spain. If anything we know the George Borrrow names for his magnificent autobiography Travel "The Bible in Spain " (in the translation of ana) of Blanco White, the English priest converted to Protestantism in Britain and little else. Other names appearing on the work of British missionaries Zulueta as the first half of the nineteenth century, William H. Rule, founder in 1837 of the first Protestant mission in Spain and James Newenham Graydon or English a while back and Rivers Usoz , Carrasco " Castelar Protestant" and Ruete were so far, at least for me, perfect strangers 2.

One of the Protestant missionaries whose work is more rooted in Spain, in Madrid, was the German Evangelical pastor, Federico Fliedner who created the foundation " El Porvenir", which still exists, which depended on the school secondary school he created in 1872 and noted for its progressive nature (co-education, modern school curriculum ...) His descendants held the center as the College of Education, Primary and secondary at a neo-Gothic building of Bravo Murillo, 85.

Returning to the Gulick and the origins of the Institute International, the American marriage in 1871 opened a chapel in Santander " in a store horns and hides," and the following year, an elementary school for poor children based on the American educational system. But soon Alice Gulick realized how necessary it was the education of women in Spain, in the words of Zulueta, " Alice has seen about fanaticism and religious persecution, has also seen the complete ignorance of the English woman "He believes that by educating women of the middle class and upper middle class can contribute to the regeneration of the whole country. So starting in 1877, Santander, a small boarding school for girls, will be from seed 1892 the International Institute for Girls in Spain , known in Spain as the International Institute and the Institute of Boston.

In 1882, Gulick moved to San Sebastian Elementary School and missionary boarding school for girls, known as the North American College, settling in a rented house near Miramar and soon walk of fame the North American College extends throughout the city due to its modern teaching methods. For their activities had the cooperation of teachers graduated in female colleges in the eastern United States, primarily Smith, and Wellesley Holyhoke. The students received a diploma upon graduation without official value, but Mrs Gulick got schoolgirls who wished they could introduce high school examinations as students in the Institute free of Guipuzcoa, been a great success.

in 1892 and the requirement of English law that prohibits religious communities to hold property in the country, Ms, Gulick decided, with the consent of the ABCFM, form a separate corporation, The International Institute for Girls in Spain whose reputation will only grow in subsequent years to the point that by 1895 two trained graduates at the International Institute 3 decide to go for free at the University of Madrid, undergraduate studies in Philosophy and Letters. From this period are the first contacts with Ms. Gulick institution, Gumersindo de Azcarate, distinguished professor at the University of Madrid, Francisco Giner and probably also with Manuel Bartolomé Cossio, contacts will be strengthened over the years due to the similarity of teaching methods with the International Institute of the Free Institution of Education.

English-American War of 1898 forced the temporary relocation International Institute of Biarritz, and at war's end, Alice Gulick, and fully oriented to higher education of women, decide, on the advice of Azcarate and the institution, established in Madrid the new headquarters of the International Institute. The site chosen is a small house with garden, in need of reform, Fortuny Street No 5 (now 53, where the headquarters of the Fundación Ortega y Gasset), acquired in late 1901 for $ 55,000. In 1902 he acquired a second site on the streets of Michelangelo and another on the street of Rafael Calvo, but the founder could not enjoy the new facilities because, exhausted by the disease (tuberculosis), died of a failure Heart in London on September 14, 1903, inaugurated the new headquarters of Fortuny with his funeral. Gulick Alice deserves to be remembered for generations as a woman driven by a strong faith in religion and education, aims to which he devoted all his energies. A few days before he died he confessed to his sister: " Sometimes I think if I died, my friends would help the school. I feel so humble when I think God called me to give the ideal of Christian education to a whole nation. If the offer my life to bring a greater good that Spain gladly offer!

On the death of Alice Gulick, her husband stayed as director of the Institute, but soon it was necessary to have a second building to house the College Hall, equipped with modern facilities, classrooms, laboratories and library. The funds for the construction of new headquarters in Calle Miguel Angel 8 were provided by other colleges and American institutions whose names can still be read on the doorposts of classrooms and meeting rooms at the headquarters of the Institute. The proposed new building, completed in 1910, may be made in the United States, involving, perhaps only in legal terms, the English architect Joaquín Saldaña. The cost was 478,636 pesetas 4 times.

That same year, 1910, the Corporation commissioned the International Institute of the direction of Susan Huntington Wellesley graduate. The new director stripped the Institute of Protestant missionary connotation and opened its doors to other Catholic families, of liberal ideas, where one could study high school, teacher, conservatory, English and kindergarten for children between 4 and 6 years. Susan Huntington established a strong friendship that came to collaboration between the International and the group of educators from the Free Institution of Education. Under his leadership (1910-1919), the International Institute became one of the most educational and cultural center of Madrid. "Gradually was attracting the attention of scholars and educators. Figures such as José Ortega y Gasset, Rafael Altamira, Manuel Gómez Moreno, Ramón Menéndez Pidal, including lectures in its auditorium. In 1914, the young teacher, María de Maeztu joined the faculty of the Institute . "

In the years of World War I, the economic problems besetting the Institute, unable to cover their expenses with the amount enrollments and the difficulty of obtaining new financing of American institutions. Then, at that crucial moment, there is collaboration with two of the institutions created by the Board of Advanced Studies, inspired institution, Private Girls (1915), directed by Maria de Maeztu, "one of the most important figures education in Spain 5 that worked with physical hardships in rented premises in the Rue Fortuny and School Institute (1918). The collaboration will be implemented in the rent (sales in 1923) by the Institute for the institution Fortuny 53 "by a very small price "And the rent from the Institution of Miguel Angel 8, which would house first, to the Residence for Girls and from 1918 to School Institute. At both institutions collaborate Board the " American teachers," providing English courses and music lessons, gymnastics and games. The Institute shall also ensure the girls' boarding school Institute.

During the twenties and thirties the collaboration between the two entities, International Institute for Advanced Studies Board, was, according to Carmen Zulueta, "magnificent "And together exerted great cultural influence in Madrid before the civil war. Under the direction of Mary Loise Foster, Smith College, organized a chemistry laboratory courses" because women were not allowed to attend the seles college. "In the library of the Institute merged with the Residence for Women, founded María de Maeztu the Lyceum Club 6 first club in which women were grouped intellectuals and professionals in Madrid and were held first courses to train library archivists and librarians, teaching Dewey cataloging method.

The civil war ended all of this path. The institutions created by the Board are abolished by the new regime and this keeps the buildings, including the subrogation to the hired. In the early 40's, home of Michelangelo 8 is occupied by the College Library Santa Teresa and purged of "Marxist books." In 1944, the U.S. Embassy gets six-year lease for its headquarters and archive in 1950, the expiry of the rental contract, the Institute provides Study College, a private school, which continued in some way to the liberal educational tradition School Institute, half of the building in exchange for sharing costs .

As a result of this policy disinterested assistance extended to teachers persecuted by the regime " they found a place in the teaching of subjects to groups that used American Michelangelo 8 as its headquarters, the Institute International red is crossed by the Franco dictatorship and its activities subject to police surveillance .

In the 70's the International Institute suffered a severe economic crisis and structural and disappear almost 7. Fortunately the crisis was overcome in the 80's and today International Institute, faithful to its mission of promoting the common cultural interests Hispanic Americans, developed a large number of cultural and educational programs in its renowned building.

For the English are of special interest courses in American English that have a strong reputation among students and professionals.

So far the history of the International Institute we have attempted to summarize as much as possible. Subtract add on our visit to the building, which we have lacked see the auditorium and courtyard, this still impresses, despite the historical vicissitudes that have passed since its foundation. I would like to find out more at your local library to see if you have any old background (I have taught a book dedicated to the Institute by Maria de Maeztu) and go further in its history (photos, souvenirs). But I think by now seen enough of that, of course, is much more than I did before starting the visit.

© Manuel Martínez Bargueño

April, 2011

If you have interested in this article and want to ask, comment or contribute something about it, you can leave a comment or write to my email manuelblas222@gmail.com with prontamnete sure to be addressed.

Spread among your friends this blog.

Thanks Manuelblas

NOTES

1. Carmen de Zulueta. " Missionary, feminists, educators. History of the International Institute." Editorial Castalia. 1984.

2. In our partial knowledge of history taught us no doubt weighed the trial unfair as hard as Menendez Pelayo who judged these missionaries as " contemptible, crazy, adventurous opportunistic or simple. "

3. Their names deserve to be remembered. They were called Country Esther Alonso and Juliana who came to graduate in Philosophy and Letters in 1897. On one occasion, when the professors of the University were asked, wondering who had prepared them for exams, they answered with pride women!.

4. The premises of the Institute must have caused a great effect on the public at the time. It is said that once, the Countess of Pardo Bazán wrote to the new headquarters of to attend a ceremony had been invited and when the driver stopped in front of the new building, Mrs. Emilia said " should not be here, this building is too smart to be a college ."

5. About Maria de Maeztu see the book by Isabel Pérez-Villanueva Tovar " Maria de Maeztu. A woman in the English educational reform "National University of Distance Education. Madrid, 1989.

6. The Lyceum Club, pejoratively called "the club maridas", opened on November 4 1926. Its headquarters was in the street Infantas 31 in the house called the Seven Fires. About this Club is interesting to consult ebook Jose Antonio Marina and Maria Teresa Rodriguez de Castro " The readers conspiracy." Editorial Anagram. Barcelona. 2009.

7. Surely this time, second half models 70, is the story that says Manuel Vicent, in his book "the magnificent Aguirre (Alfaguara, 2011). One evening was held at the Boston Institute conference Jesús Aguirre on the dialogue between Marxists and Christians, with the room full of women from the liberals, socialists and liberals many of whom had attended the 'Munich conspiracy. " At one point a few individuals, guerrillas of Christ the King, sitting in the back rows, opened a canvas bag and let loose rats in the room shouting "Arriba Spain" After the first shock, the rats managed to escape to the street except one that could be grasped by a young biology teacher who, after showing it up, threw it into a culvert while exclaiming, "Look, so you have to do with the fascists."

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Basilica Pontificia de San Miguel

The Basilica Pontificia de San Miguel (formerly San Justo), which today we headed walking on this pleasant April morning, it is nestled in San Justo Street, corner with Puñoenrostro in the heart of Old Madrid, within walking distance of Plaza Mayor. I have interest in visiting, because I read somewhere that this is one of the greatest religious buildings of Madrid and an authentic eighteenth-century architectural jewel of the Villa.

Before the visit, and following con mi práctica habitual, he procurado acopiar los datos pertinentes para conocer cual es su

Historia

Coinciden las fuentes consultadas en señalar que la de San Justo y Pastor, antecedente del templo actual, era una de las diez parroquias que había intramuros de Madrid, tal como figuran nombradas en el Apéndice 1º al Fuero de Madrid de 1202. Según Tormo “ eran pequeñas, pero sus campanarios eran románicos, mas típico el de San Justo, de tres pisos de a dos ventanas cada uno a los cuatro lados ” 1 . De San Justo hay noticia de a vote in San Pedro in 1438 and held the royal crest on its roof 2. Also known by the parish, which over the centuries, the parish remained the prominence it deserved as one of the oldest church in Madrid, carried out during the sixteenth century reforms and improvements in its decoration 3 .

This early church was closely related to another parish was very close to San Miguel de octo 4 standing beside the wall and solar which is now the San Miguel market rejuvenated . In 1790 there was a fire in the Plaza Mayor and the results was affected by this temple San Miguel whose parochialism passed temporarily, until the restoration work completed at San Justo was not the original Romanesque church, demolished in the late seventeenth century, but, as we shall see, a sumptuous church drawn in 1738 by architect Italian Giacomo Bonavia, commissioned by the Cardinal Infante Don Luis de Borbón y Farnese, archbishop of Toledo and occupied the site of the old cemetery.

The church of San Miguel to which we have not referred to in the preceding paragraph, was demolished in the early nineteenth century and the parish went back to San Justo, which was renamed "San Justo and San Miguel "San Miguel happened until later, a chapel Leganitos Street and in 1891 a new church to be built across the street from General Ricardos in Carabanchel, which continues (the parish church of San Miguel Archangel .)

Returning to San Justo, in 1892 the temple was given to the Apostolic Nuncio papal church status, compensation for the downing in 1885 of the Italian hospital church of the Carrera de San Jerónimo, old institution that belonged to the Italian colony of Madrid. The Nuncio was given to the Redemptorist Fathers, order founded in the eighteenth century by St. Alphonsus Liguori, and having as sole to San Miguel, at the express wish of the Holy See that the Saints might consider children as a cult more local and less universal. The parish church of San Justo, then went to the monastery church of Saint Anthony of Discalced Carmelite religious, better known by the name of Wonderland where she continues (is the present parish church of Nuestra Senora de las Maravillas and Santos Justo y Pastor in the Plaza del Dos de Mayo).

The temple was saved from the destruction of civil war and since 1959 belongs to Opus Dei who made considerable reform work of the architect José Antonio Iñiguez Herrero, who removed the side chapels and confessionals windows replaced, reduced the richly decorated and built a crypt beneath the church. 5

La (1930) Basílica Pontificia de San Miguel, Temple of the Apostolic Nuncio in Spain, was declared a Historical Artistic Monument of national character by Royal Decree 2407/1984 of 28 November 1984 (BOE of 5 February 1985).

The building and its architect

As indicated above, the present temple was sent built and financed, at least in part, by the Cardinal Infante Don Luis de Borbón y Farnese, Archbishop of Toledo between 1734 and 1754 (date to be secularized marriage to Maria Teresa of Vallabriga and Rozas). As the Cardinal-Infante was a child (born in 1727) is to assume that the orders were given his tutor the marquis of Scotti, interpreting the wishes of the queen mother, Elizabeth Farnese.

The first draft of the new building that occupied the space of the old San Justo and adjacent cemetery was made by Theodore Ardemans 6, (which denies Maria Elena Gomez Moreno, who writes "there is neither Shadow Ardemans intervention plans or would it be to San Millán? "') 7 but the final draft was in the hands of the Piedmontese architect Giacomo Bonavia (1700-1760).

Giacomo (or Santiago) Bonavía had arrived in Spain in 1731, from Piacenza, called by Felipe V to build the theater of the Buen Retiro. In Turin, Bonavia had the opportunity to meet and study the architecture of Guarino Guarini (1642-1683) who was a priest teatino, mathematician and writer. Two years before embarking on the path of San Justo, Bonavia published " Architettura civile" collection of writings and projects Guarini, a book whose influence was great in the development of European Baroque 8.

Bonavia's art, writes Burns, " is a fad" Rococo, which results in the plant, with concave and convex curves in the nave, transept and on the same facade and the vaults "alternative forms of arches and vaults blade makers left by their capricious ways. The result of this amazing cross vaults, is one of the most charming rococo designs of guariniana school whose history can be the church of Santa Maria Divine Protection of Lisbon and the Church of Carmine, Turin Juvara Filippo (1678-1736).

The first stone of the new church was laid on September 20, 1739. Bonavia built the vault and much of the temple, pillars, side chapels and walls, all in stone berroqueña. The continuation of the works of San Justo was commissioned from 1743 to Virgil Rabaglia, Sacheti assistant architect, author of the draft Riofrio palace and the coliseum of Peral, who completed the temple in two years, topping the front and doing the works of a decorative nature inside. Antonio Rusca finished the chapel, sacristy and dependencies between 1745-46.

Exterior 9

Outside the walker immediately called the superb facade of the church that seems warped in a convex way to get more closely match the front. The two small towers enhance the convexity and makes the building can be projected upwards from different points of Madrid, located in a lower level. This arrangement of convex façade is rare in the rest of Spain (except in the Church of San Ildefonso Segovia and the Santuario de la Virgen Peregrina Pontevedra, remember) and only in the Madrid Baroque .

note the front, leaning on the wall of the recently opened public library Iván de Vargas. This is a typical front curtain, all of it executed in granite alternating with brick panels. Appears vertically structured, divided into three sections.

The first note is the large door, framed by a rich lintel with dried apricots. At its top is a relief with the martyrdom of Saints Justo and Pastor Children, designed by Nicholas Carisana, a sculptor who only know what it says Cean Bermudez 10 , Philip V in 1744 was appointed director of the preparatory meeting for the establishment of the Royal Academy of San Fernando and executed works for the parish. At the sides, the side sections separated by Doric pilasters, niches housed in two stone statues representing the Virtues of Charity right in the act of breastfeeding a child and having another at his side and left the Fortaleza, leaning against a column. These works, something worn by Roberto Michel (1720-1786), a sculptor known much more than the last, of French origin but active in Spain since 1740 and which are due, among other works, the two lions in the popular fountain of Cibeles.

The second body, the center is a window, topped by a simple curved pediment and the side sections, separated by Ionic pilasters, two virtues, the work of that Carisana to Right Faith, veiled, holding the chalice with the host and accompanied by a child and the other side of Hope, holding an anchor. Carisana is also the large coat of arms of Cardinal Infante and angels holding the metal cross on top. On either side the two towers turrets topped by bulbous type covers, perhaps influence in Central Europe.

Interior

Inside is accessed via a curved stairway that accentuates the grandeur of the surroundings. Do not hesitate to trim the cover rococo writing connoisseurs who has superb hardware and beautiful wooden swing relief.

The first impression the visitor receives is magnificent in all its orders. Creates this feeling its Latin cross plan, consisting of a large central nave, the type of games, with six side chapels, three on each side and the curious arrangement stream of the pillars that support the vault of the nave where the game is marked concave convex relations by alternating arcs and elliptical cross bows with others, as noted above. All this feeling is accentuated by the lavish decoration with stucco to imitate marble and gold, complemented by the rich decorative program of the paintings in the vaults indistinct due to the loss of sharpness and the drawing.

However, with the help of the relevant documentation 11, will tour the paintings of the vaults: From the choir area at the foot of the temple, to the presbytery. At the end of the church in the choir, show a representation of Calvary. In the lunettes following representations of the prophets Ezekiel and Jeremiah, the work of Gustavo Hastoy, Basque painter whose life and work there are few records. In the pan to the center of the ship, the Apotheosis of Kids Santos Justo y Pastor (1745) of Bartholomew Rusca, Italian painter who worked in Spain, mainly in the actual site of 1745. In the spandrels that support the dome recess, also own, personified by holy Virtues: Strength (Santa Barbara), Virginity (Santa Cristina) and Innocence (St. Agnes). In the fourth pendentive angels appear. Grisaille on central chapels with representations of Judith with Holofernes' head in the right side and Jacob and Rebecca on the left. Following papal attributes. Lunettes The following are the prophets Daniel and Isaiah, also of Hastoy. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe crossing and on the side altars in grisaille paintings with scenes from the Old Testament: the explorers of the Promised Land they bring a great bunch and Ruth picking in the fields of Boaz. On the dome supported by the scallops which shows the four evangelists, paintings of Velazquez Gonzalez brothers, as well as the central painting depicting the scene of the martyrdom of the saints, children, and subsequent apotheosis, being received into heaven. On the same appear grisaille with representations of the strength and faith. In the shell of the scene of the children choir and Pastor Just before the proconsul Dacian (after 1752). On either side of the archangels older paintings: even hand, Barachiel, Gabriel and Jehudiel, on the other, Rafael, Uriely Seatiel, each with its attributes.

We approach the sanctuary or chapel, presided over by a large picture of Alejandro Ferrant, dated in 1897, funded by Leo XIII, " asking for the artist devoted very small amount" (Tormey) and representing the Archangel Michael, the Victorious, overcoming the devil (formerly seems that there was another box representing José del Castillo Kids Saints Justo and Pastor). On the canvas two angels with phylacteries, the sculptor Pedro Hermoso Granada (1763-1830). Above them a medallion with the figure of the Eternal Father, the González Velázquez brothers, renowned fresco of the churches of Madrid, XVIII. A canvas sides of San Miguel are two separate medallions with busts of Christ and the Virgin, also Pedro Hermoso. Inside the chapel there stands side paths, made of wood, in rococo style. The pulpit also is eighteenth.

The tour of the temple we will, as usual on the side of the Epistle (right) from the toe area. The first chapel has a neoclassical altarpiece, like almost everyone in the church, but after the reform of the late 50 / 60, the images have been replaced, with little success, in windows of large shops, in this case, with the figure of Christ Pantocrator surrounded by angels and two confessionals, very common element throughout the temple.

The next chapel is that of the Brotherhood of the Holy Christ of Faith and Forgiveness, Mary Immaculate, Mother of the Church and Archangel San Miguel (for short the "Students") which has its own page http://www.losestudiantes.org/ Downtown, a neoclassical altarpiece Rodríguez Ventura did? paired with large columns that has a bas-relief above the Annunciation altarpiece, flanked by angels and at its center, one of the most beautiful pictures of the church, the Holy Christ of Faith and Forgiveness, formerly called Light, Luis Salvador Carmona (1708-1767), the great sculptor Castilian "morbid modeling and serene expression" 12 . At the bottom is a picture of dress of Mary Immaculate, Mother of God, the imager Seville Juan Manuel Miñarro contemporary (1995-6). These images procession on the evening of Palm Sunday.

The next chapel on this side has, as the first window (with a choir of angels) and confessional. On the sides, in niches, sculptures of San Joaquin and Santa Ana, the eighteenth century.

We cruise the area on this side. Powerfully calls attention to a large altarpiece of columns and Corinthian capitals to the Virgin of the Assumption and Coronation Glorious production size of the XVIII Workshop Granada, surrounded by groups of angels modern. Must be very miraculous image as a hand, on a stand and having at under a beggar, there is a book of prayers for use by the faithful in these leaves, mostly with poor handwriting, their prayers to the Virgin to help them solve their family problems, health or work. I have read over some of these prayers and is very curious: " for domestic workers, to be good ", " to help me with the girl that I love " etc.

spent before the altar to get to the Gospel side. On this side of the cruise is another great altarpiece similar to the previous effigy St. Joseph and Child, contemporary, (1996) by Agustin de la Herran, carved in walnut.

Retracing our steps, on the side of the Epistle to the feet, the first chapel follows the familiar pattern of window (group of angels adoring the cross) and confessional.

The following is the chapel dedicated to San José María Escrivá de Balaguer, founder of Opus Dei . The statue of the saint express, walnut, is also Agustín de la Herran (1996). A metal plaque inserted into the wall says saint's relationship with the church founded (apparently his first Mass here in 1927, when there was founded the Work and returned to hold another in 1960, when the Opus Dei was already a powerful organization.) In this same chapel, on both sides, within niches, burial urns paths of General Manuel Luis de Orleans, Count (not Duke) of Charnie, in 1740 he was governor of Ceuta and his father Juan Luis of Orleans, who in time, was governor general of Oran and Mazalquivir spaces.

The last chapel on this side has a window (the Archangel Gabriel to the young Tobias) and two confessionals .

At the foot of the temple, inside a small chapel round and framed by a beautiful and stylish showcase of the eighteenth century, there is an image of the Holy Infant Jesus of Grace, anonymous work from the early eighteenth century .

On the grand gallery of the choir, not lost on the splendid Baroque organ, restored in 1995 by the German organ G. Grenzing and who happens to be one of the best in Spain, with a perfect sound, say those who have heard .

As I do not usually go to church without seeing Behind the scenes, this is the sacristy, not normally open to visitors, I dare to go to her, encouraged by a sign that says " pass without calling." Navigating a hallway, I get to a square, with good chests and some interesting old pictures. I immediately called attention to a bust of the Virgin of the school seems to Alonso Cano. Ask an employee, barricaded behind a table, on the size of Santa Librada, Carmona and San Diego of Alcantara (taken earlier by St. Paschal Baylon), Juan Pascual de Mena, praised by Tormo, and the kindly taught, kept in indoor units. Both are excellent, as shown in the photographs, especially of the holy crucified, very similar to that described in the Museum of Valladolid. Missed because they are more visible, I dare to ask a priest there appears, for the cause of this hiding and says it is " liturgical reasons," which I can not understand until that, when I got home, I researched on the Internet on the hagiography of the saint, patron of Sigüenza. It turns out that Santa Librada, whose legend is at least curious, is also the patron saint of married women and therefore wrong, as I understand, it is "religiously incorrect" for the liturgy. Can you imagine the queue of faithful who would exposure of the image of the saint in the church, which apparently was, forty years ago. Would in a minor key the cult of Saint Josemaría.

I forgot to ask about the vault to which, apparently, is accessed from the street by a small side door, and where he was buried the famous musician Luigi Boccherini (1743 - 1805), until in 1927, Mussolini, the Duce, took the remains to Italy for burial in the church of San Francisco, in Lucca, his birthplace.

© Manuel Martínez Bargueño

March, 2011

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NOTES

1. Elías Tormo. " The churches of Madrid. Reissue of the two issues published in 1927. Foreword by Marquis de Lozoya. Notes Maria Elena Gomez Moreno." Institute of Spain, 1972, p. 77.

2. in this primitive church had their burials Pedro Suarez de Toledo, the woodcock, Lagos and Lujanes and a chapel were displayed the arms of Cisneros, the former entailed Villa (Pedro Repid " The streets of Madrid. Afrodisio Aguado, fourth edition, 1981, p. 654.

3. were buried in this parish Quevedo's father and his maternal grandparents and a brother and in the parish are the death certificates of Alonso de Ercilla, father of Miguel de Cervantes, Rodrigo, Francisco Lopez de Zarate, family members of Lopez de Hoyos, Jerome and Francisco de la Quintana and Dr. Godinez http://www.bsanmiguel.es/

4. It was called the Octo "to differentiate it from other parish with the same title that became known as "La Sagra" for being the natives of that region its main parishioners Toledo (Pedro F. Gutierrez and Agustin F. García Martínez Carbajo "Churches of Madrid " Library Editions, 2006 pg. 202).

5. According http://www.monumentamadrid.es/ in the decade of the 60-70 reforms took place in the chancel and the crypt by architects Germain Gamazo Valentin and Jose Garcia-Noblejas Hernandez Martínez-Arcos.

6. According Tormo, projected Ardemans a church similar, but shorter than that came to be made by the architect Giacomo Bonavia (Tormo, op.cit, pg. 78).

7. Elías Tormo, op.cit, pg. 82, note.

8. Ramon Guerra de la Vega. " Madrid. 1700-1800 Architectural Guide", second edition, 1984.

9. A description of the temple art, with comments on the Work can be found in www.bsanmiguel.es/pdf/arte.5.pdf

10. Juan Agustin Cean Bermudez. " Historical Dictionary of the most distinguished teachers of the Fine Arts in Spain I ." Royal Academy of Fine Arts and History. Madrid, 1965, pg. 256.

11. This information I take in most of the book "Churches of Madrid ", op.cit. pp. 205-6.

12. Ramon Moreno Montegudo "old churches Madrid " Ediciones La Librería, 4 th edition 2009, pg. 36.