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Disaster Cuatro Caminos

the Glorieta de Cuatro Caminos, old heart Republican Villa, historical place of meeting and fight for workers and students, is now a diverse and racially mixed urban space, where they live in good harmony on the former residents with new waves of immigrants, which stained the color of various old neighborhood arteries.

Walker in Court, I am a regular, for many years, this roundabout and I attended their transformations over the past forty years, with the disappearance of the dreadful blessed overpass ("Scalextric"), the most unfortunate of the old San Antonio market and changes in commerce, communications, transport and urban infrastructure.

Despite the changes, but needed some than others, those nostalgic for a past time we could always take comfort in the contemplation of two landmark buildings in the square "of a lifetime": the former Home Relief and Public School Cervantes.

The former home of Socorro, which operated until the mid-seventies of last century, is a small two-story pavilion, designed in brick, in a style you might call neomudéjar without fanfare. Originally, depended on the Municipal Charity and was designed to cater for minor injuries and first aid for those who need such aid. It was built around 1900 by local architect Paul Aranda on land donated by the Marquis of Aguilar de Campo. Embracing

sided building that is the last corner of Calle de Santa Engracia and Raimundo Fernandez Villaverde, are the two wings of the building of the school "Cervantes", building a little later (1910) and highlighting a graceful torreoncillos outside surrounding a central courtyard. Its author was the famous architect Antonio Flores Urdapilleta (Vigo 1877-Madrid 1941) who, as director of the School Construction Technical Office, Ministry of Education promoted the construction of numerous schools in Spain. These appendices, which occupy a larger area than the corner flag (the old House of Relief) " are designed, also massive brick and keeping the stylistic harmony with the previous work, but with even greater simplification of ornamental " 1.

During the past few months we saw work being carried out inside the flag of the former Casa de Socorro and on its roof, covered with canvas, stood a strange structure, in our naivety and ignorance of the branch public works, attach to a modern scaffolding dismantled upon completion of those.

our surprise, wonder and amazement have been great, when these days have been "uncovered" the work and challenge friends and strangers, to stand on the roof of the venerable hall neomudéjar, silhouetted against the sky, an aluminum and glass mazacote which know but whose aesthetic value is attacking us and angry to the point of offering readers of this blog, which is not specifically report, the accompanying photos are clear testimony of this blatant attack urban, environmental and historical against the people of Madrid munícipes irresponsible taken with malice aforethought.

I hope some historian of the town and many locals anonymous, in the light of this monstrosity, do hear a strong protest against this outrage, for improved visibility, can not go as unnoticed as the demolition of the house Bath, Bravo Murillo street, another great initiative of this Boeotian municipality that governs us.

© Manuel Martínez Bargueño
February 2011

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NOTES

1. " Madrid Cuatro Caminos (a suburb workers)". Tours Teaching in Madrid 8. City and Education Group: Ramón Hidalgo Monteagudo. Rosalia Ramos Guarido. Fidel González Revilla. 1990 Editions Bookstore

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Francisco Pérez Mateo, sculptor

A commemorative plaque, a typical metal diamond cheapie of the City of Madrid in the Calle de Pedro Justo Dorado Dellmans, next to Avenida De Queen Victoria, Address to the University, has put me on the trail of the Catalan sculptor Francisco Pérez Mateo, who died tragically in the defense of Madrid in 1936. Valeriano says this sculptor Bozal that in his time, was one of the two most important sculptors of the country (The other was Emiliano Barral) and at the time of his disappearance was " upon creative tension" 1 .

According to data obtained by his biographer, historian and art critic, Josefina Alix, Francisco Pérez Mateo (1903-1936) 2 , was born in Barcelona. His father, a humble waiter, he occupied the post of "maitre" of the Hotel Colon, one of the most important of Barcelona, \u200b\u200ba meeting of politicians, businessmen and intellectuals. He attended college where he began Escolapis woodcarving artistic purposes, while it began to dawn on him an interest in sports and outdoor life. In Barcelona the young Francis contacted Noucentisme and new avant-garde trends.

In 1919 the family moved to Madrid, where his father works as a "maitre" in the Hotel Paris in the Puerta del Sol, while Francis was educated at the Escuela de San Fernando from 1919 to 1923, garnering excellent results. In the school made great friends, especially with Antonio Alix and Cristino Mallo with whom he shared intellectual interests and sports .

Mateo Perez was in favor of "direct carving" against the "modeling" and watch stone working the office of the stonecutters, learning his technique. His first work was a "Nude male " , awarded honorable mention and travel bag at the National Exhibition of Fine Arts. With the money bag in 1925 traveled to Paris where he came into contact with the work of other sculptors cutting-edge e Bourdelle. On his return sculpts "Child Archer, missing work, like many others theirs. Return to Paris on a second trip in two years later (1927).

In 1928 enters the aesthetic field of the New Objectivity, which is characterized by austerity in ways towards realism verismo. That same year she won the National Award Sculpture by a Source-bank dedicated to children.

1929-30 Towards a new theme appears in his work, sports and opts for revolutionary ideology in direct relation to the Communist Party. He also teaches at the Trade Training Centre in Madrid. Obtained by a teaching contest drawing Acting at the Institute of Vilanova i la Geltrú, and then, in 1935, a headline in Manresa, resided during the years in Barcelona.

Civil War surprised him in Madrid. Conviction entered in the Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals for the Defense of Madrid and is obsessed with the idea that his place was en el frente. Se integra en los cuarteles del Quinto Regimiento y con el grado de alférez marcha con el batallón Comuna de París al frente de Carabanchel. Allí encontró la muerte, sin que se conozcan las circunstancias. Su cuerpo nunca apareció.

En el Pabellón español de la Exposición Universal de París, de 1937, se le rindió un homenaje con la exposición de algunas obras suyas, “ La bañista ” y el bajorelieve de “ Los nadadores ”, hoy en paradero desconocido 3 . La escultura de Picasso “ La dama oferente ”, allí expuesta, estuvo dedicada a Pérez Mateos Barral and the two sculptors died in the civil war.

In 1982, he submitted a sample of his work in the Faculty of Fine Arts from the University Complutense of Madrid and in 2002 a retrospective exhibition of his work at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, both curated by historian and critic art, Josefina Alix 4.

is a pity that the loss of almost all his work, admirable only in old photographs, do not allow better understanding and appreciation of this artist, victim, like many other English, a terrible and bloody civil war. At least this little remembrance, serve the walker to dedicate a memorial to his memory and all that died unjustly fratricide.

© Manuel Martínez Bargueño
February 2011

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Manuelblas

NOTES

1. Muzzle Valeriano. "Art History in Spain." Basics Collection. Editorial Istmo, 1972. p.367.

2. Volume data of the article i Ramón Balius Juli " Francisco Pérez Mateo (1903-1936): a sculptor hidden and ignored " Physical Education and Sports Apunts 83 1st quarter 2006 (77-81). The information in this article are drawn from the work of Josefina Alix Francisco Pérez Mateo. " Sculptor (1903-1936) ", catalog of the exhibition at the Reina Sofía.

3. Although arrived at the Museum of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bafter exposure, were withdrawn by "individuals" and were never found.

4. Josefina Alix. "Francisco Pérez Mateo." Sculptor (1903-1936 ). "Reina Sofia Museum, 2002.

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The Free Institution of Education. A walk sentimental (I)

The Free Institution of Education, founded by a group of liberal professors headed by Don Francisco Giner de los Ríos 1 , is a major event in the history of the culture of our country. Arising within an enlightened bourgeoisie, the Free Institution of Education (hereinafter, ILE) is proposed to replace the old despotism prevailed in Spain during the Restoration Canovist by new leaders who knew to bring cultural and moral renewal that the country needed. His influence in the period 1898-1936 was remarkable and it realizes the long list of accomplishments, direct creation or inspiration from these institution: the Institute of Social Reforms, Centre for Historical Studies, School Institute, the Residencia de Estudiantes Board of Advanced Studies or Educational Missions.

Accountant course we are not here, even briefly, the story of " The Free Institution of Education and its environment " 2 , already counted in an accurate and personal, Antonio Jimenez-Landi in four volumes and from other positions and backgrounds, Professor of Contemporary History at the Universidad Complutense, Vicente Cacho Viu 3. Our aim is more modest, and wandering down to visit, and while some comments, those places and buildings that were home to the institution and its foundations, which in 1976, as did Luis Carandell coincide with the centenary of his creation 4 .

The ILE was established as a joint stock company on March 10, 1876. His first shareholders, number 201, representing virtually liberal Spain in all spheres: political, cultural and economic. Its first home was in a rented flat in the Rue de Esparteros 9 (now No. 11) and then on the street Infantas 42, to installation, from September 1, 1884 in a villa with garden situated in the Paseo del Obelisco (known since 1914 of the General Martínez Campos) Number 8 (current 14 and 16) in what was then the outskirts of Madrid 5

Previously

was a project for installation on the Paseo de la Castellana, in what was then the Deaf and Blind School and is currently the Army College. The project included the construction of a house of education for three hundred students with an area of \u200b\u200balmost 10,000 m2 to house, apart from the main building, " workshops for crafts, gym, bathrooms and showers gallery, swimming pool, gardens Froebel, crop field, botanical garden, greenhouse and field " 6

The fifth or possession of recreational ride from the Obelisk, was acquired in 1887, a particular, Jesus Antonio de Noguerol, retired military, the report of the architects Joaquín Arnáiz Kramer, Emilio Rodríguez Ayuso and Jose Maria Laredo, in the amount of 115,000 pesetas. According to Jimenez-Landi consisted of the main building, garden and other secondary buildings. The main building facades had paths, the Paseo del Obelisco and garden, and two habitable floors. Settled down in the secretariat, headed by the bust of Julian Sanz del Rio, the library and the home goalkeeper. On the second floor was home to Don Francisco and Cossio.

In this room the ILE could fully develop its educational project to complete General education cycle (Toddler, Primary and Secondary) in a natural space that favored games, sports (then built a pediment) and contact with nature .

In 1908, the earliest buildings were added two new flags, one for the nursery and primary classes, following the old chapel, and south facade, built by Bernardo Giner de los Ríos so-called flag Giner, and another along the western wall of the garden to accommodate the second section and the test Macpherson, built by Joachim Kramer Arnaiz, known as flag Soler. Both pavilions have design features, functional and aesthetic very similar. Were isolated buildings surrounded by gardens, with spacious classrooms and hygienic laboratories and carpentry workshop (in Hall Nursery) .

education on these levels of education, wrote José María Marco following:

" applied a pedagogy inspired by romantic and sentimental ideas. It was a general trend, even in religious education. But the institution carried further. The child carries with it the germ of all that will be like a man complete. The educator has to discover and make the child discovered that almost divine seed from which the child is carrying unconscious. The teaching becomes education, teacher educator, the student and student learning in a kind of epiphany. Secondary education he would become an extension of the primary examinations were abolished, programs and textbooks ... " 7.

All this so beautiful, finished in 1940, after the civil war. A decree of May 17, 1940 declaring the ILE application to the Decree of the National Defence Council September 13, 1936 which ordered the seizure of property parties and organizations opposing the National Movement. The Decree of 1940 considered "special prevention the Free Institution of Education, for his notorious acts contrary to the ideals of the New State ", leaving their property under the Ministry of National Education " to fulfill its cultural associations in the form that its holder may wish to " 8.

With respect to the seat of Martinez Campos, the date of the seizure had been looted and destroyed the library, laboratory furniture and teaching materials. In the garden "a Falangists group "cut down trees and bushes, saving only a centennial acacia front gable and a privet at the entrance.

After the occupation of the premises by the Francoist authorities, some flags were reforms to adapt to the educational needs of the Grupo Escolar Joaquín Sorolla, installed there (1942-45). It tore down the flag of the former chemical-chapel, and the bottom of the garden buildings in the southern sharecropping farm, replacing the latter a new pavilion. Later the offices were set up School Food Service (1955) and finally National College "Eduardo Marquina" (1980).

With the advent of democracy arises as a matter of strict justice the return of the assets of the defunct ILE his legitimate "heir" Fundación Francisco Giner de los Ríos. In November 1982, the Madrid City Council returned the historic seat of the ILE to the Foundation which had resumed its activities in 1978, although the realization of such refund had no effect until 1985, that run up the educational activities of the College "Eduardo Marquina" 9.

In 1987 he made the modernization and updating of the activities and replanted the garden. Fortunately, with minor alterations, the building retained the house where they lived and Cossío Giner Martínez Campos with facades, canopies and Giner Macpherson and other support facilities, including in 1993 Precatalogue unique interesting buildings, the three main buildings (although the Administrative Litigation Division of the Superior Court of Justice Judgement 86/2010 Madrid has rejected the institution of record statement of cultural interest to the campus of the Free Institution of Teaching).

In 1999, Foundation commissioned Teresa Jimenez-Landi, historical research is needed to develop information memory prior to the signing in July 2003 of an agreement between the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Community of Madrid, the Fundación Caja Madrid, Fundación Francisco Giner de los Rios and the Residencia de Estudiantes to undertake an "architectural work" with a view to restore the facilities and provide the ILE of a new building, with a payment of twenty million euros, payable in equal and anticipation of completion of the works for 2007 10 . The project won the competition held, skewed more to the replacement of the old buildings that his rehabilitation has been from the beginning at the apex of the controversy and a large group of intellectuals and elite, including descendants of Institution, said in defense of the historic buildings of the institution and against execution Project material 11 Despite the protests, the general indifference, Giner Hall was demolished in 2008 and the garden is not even a hierbecita as Laura Alfonseca complaint Giner 12.

With this information in mind, I've come to number 14 Paseo del General Martínez Campos and doors of the landmark building of the institution, which is closed while the solar rear patio before the workers and machines are busy demolishing their work. I make some pictures testimony, before deciding to ring the bell. I opened an employee who tells me to my interest that "everything is turned upside down" and that the work will not end for another two years. I leave with some sadness that I share with all sensible people, the loss of these unique buildings and their surroundings, rather, find, and irreparable.

© Manuel Martínez Bargueño
February, 2011

If you have interested in this post and want to ask, comment or contribute something about it you can leave a comments or write to my email manuelblas222@gmail.com with confidence be promptly addressed.

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Manuelblas
NOTES

1. Laureano Figuerola, Eugenio Montero Rios, Sigismund Moret, Nicolás Salmerón, Francisco Giner de los Rios, Augusto G. Linares, Gumersindo de Azcarate, Laureano Calderon, Juan Antonio Garcia and Jacinto Labiano Mesía were the founders.

2. Antonio Jimenez-Landi Martinez " The Free Institution of Education and environment." Universidad Complutense, 1996. For this work Jimenez-Landi received the National Prize for History 1997.

3. Vicente Cacho Viu " The independent teaching institution. I. Origins and university stage (1860-1881) . Editorial Rialp 1962. This work was National Literature Prize 1962. Reprint in Fundación Albéniz / SECC, 2010.

4. Luis Carandell. " Free Institution of Education. A sentimental journey." Notebooks for Dialogue, April 3, 1976.

5. " The General Martínez Campos ride may have developed mostly by hotels and other private buildings, whose more modern buildings there is a test of good taste that claims the most noble English style. Until recently it remained open, and sometimes sown cereals, the so-called field of the friars, now a sports field, where games are organized large "foot-ball" game that has come to be so passionate and public as bullfighting. That same stadium was used during the last festival del Carmen to set up an exhibition of small industries in the district of Chamberí, dances and festivals held there during the nights of much of the summer "(Pedro de repid" The streets of Madrid "Afrodisio Aguado, fourth edition, 1981. p.297).

6. Manuel Bartolomé Cossio " Free Educational Institution Building V" Figure coast. Madrid, June 8, 1882. Volume IV, Number 16, pages 188 and 192 (can be found online).

7. José María Marco. " Successful Free Institution of Education." El Mundo, October 25, 2001.

8. The new government would grudge against ILE had its most glaring in the collective book " A powerful secret force. Free Educational Institution "Editorial English. San Sebastian 1940, in which the author, with Fernando Martin-Sanchez Julia in the lead, trying to demonstrate the connection between the institution and Freemasonry.

9. These data are taken from http://www.salvarlaile.com/

10. El Mundo, December 22, 2002.

11. See the website in defense of the buildings of the Free Educational Institution http://www.salvarlaile.com/

12. see https: / / urbancidades.wordpress.com / entry "Toddler Pavilion Giner. A demolition announced "By Enrique Fidel

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A Madrid

explicit, open, the streets and plazas, and other more hidden Madrid, sandwich, that of the passages or urban crossings. Passages of Madrid, the few remaining have, especially one of them, a dark and decadent air, like a wreck. Who knew, once, better times for these passages of Madrid, he gives a little sorry to see them now mired in such a situation of neglect and so I decided to visit and be visited, between nostalgia and affection, an elderly relative and sick, to see how is .

Passages, I read somewhere, were common in many European cities and had to have a unique charm about our ancestors. There was little binding power over long distances with each other, safe from the cold and rain, away from traffic and in turn, may rest happily in sidewalk cafes and enjoy the alluring vision of the shop windows of luxury. Paris, London, Milan, among other cities have competed for best passages and galleries. Madrid, in a tone of imitation, built three or four of which little is 1 memory.

I traveled in this sunny February morning some of these places hidden in a straight line along a path, recommended to the Village curious walkers, ranging from Fuencarral street to the Plaza de Benavente.

The first of these passages I have visited is the "passage", built in 1958, which connects the street with the slide Fuencarral Alta de San Pablo, which recently dedicated a touching story Moncho Alpuente 2. " The passage, gallery ," writes Alpuente- had corners, roundabouts and meticulous interiors with a nod to an emerging urban modernity . " I agree with the writer in memory of establishments business located there, (my father, a merchant, came to be there for a short time a small shop selling cars, saddles or strollers for children), especially " of echoes from the busy holidays Hogar Canario" parties whose Sunday best, in which "came together the prettiest girl living in Madrid " I got to go sometime, but without much success. Indeed, in this Hogar Canario de Madrid was edited as interesting as a modest publication, entitled "Omnibus Galdosian " dedicated to the dissemination of studies on the great writer canary Madrid's birth and adoption.

Fuencarral Passage

Fuencarral Passage. Decoration

walker currently feel a certain fear and inconvenience to go through this long and winding passage, occupied only by a single trade of jewelry and thinks that, despite his rapidly deteriorating, it would be very difficult to get your comprehensive rehabilitation, something that Malasaña neighbors and locals generally appreciate.

Fuencarral Walking down the street and across the Gran Via, we imagine Montera Street, in the heart of Madrid Gulf current. Here we find the oldest and most interesting passage of all those who remain: the passage of Trade, also known as Thompson, by the name of the owner of the houses that was built back in 1847. Not bad, by the way, remember that Montera Street, during the nineteenth century was a major of Madrid by the profusion of shops and entertainment in transit, while walking in a good tone for the "smart ". Peter wrote 3 repid towards the end of the twenties of last century that the dedication of the street trade was so absolute "no longer are just the shops and those devoted to the mezzanine, but there are whole houses whose balconies to the top, hold samples of various sites criers "eateries, cafes, guest houses, shops colonial Watches ...

At this time, and the same source, the passage of Trade had already " a curious and painful aspect of age." At the entrance and from time confirmed, had a job of old books and old sheet music (we met), and inside with discretion, "writes the chronicler," diverse range of shops and offices on floors exercised house of passage, where it could be more of a romantic theme . "

Trade Passage

Now the passage of Trade or Murga, used in recent years as urban setting for the filming of movies and "pilinguis" (remember the scene with Massiel in " happy life" , Fernando Colomo, 1987), has a mysterious peaceful aspect contributing to business establishments as discrete buy gold, mobile phone or articles for "spies .
At the same
Montera Street, but on the opposite side there is another more modern passage of 1967, which connects the streets of Montera and Customs. Unlike his neighbor is a very busy passage because it harbors variety of shops of all kinds, from the sale of machinery, tools and "supplies for jewelry and gemology" to the more "daring" of "piercing" and "sex shop" , along with other more "traditional" clothing, watches, food, and a portal for office.

Pasaje de Montera, 24

Crossing from one side to the Puerta del Sol, worthy one day more than one entry, go up Carretas Street pedestrian, which may still be curious shops very different nature. In the final section we find the last of the passages we visit today and connects the artery and Peace Street. Carretas East is a very peculiar passage, beside the usual business of buying gold, as advertised in the area, home to very traditional shops selling watches and repair, spare parts for watches and jewelry, gift items, religious prints frames and moldings, all of which form a kind of discreet commercial souk, clean and cared for, in the heart of Madrid.

Passage Carretas

Madrid I encourage walkers to know these hidden places, survivors of other times that everyone, but especially the City and property owners, we should learn to conserve and protect .

© Manuel Martínez Bargueño

February 2011 NOTES



1. By 1846 they began to be built in Madrid, in imitation of Paris, the first passages that used to communication between two streets opposite portals. They were " elegant and well decorated passages "Like the Iris, between the Calle de Alcala and the Carrera de San Jerónimo, that of the City of Paris and the Matheu, between the streets of Espoz y Mina and Victoria, and San Felipe Neri in the street now well known (Pedro de repid " The streets of Madrid" . Afrodisio SA Aguado fourth edition, 1981, p 155.)

2. Moncho Alpuente " The" passage . El Pais, February 9 2011.

3. Pedro de repid op.cit. p.430.

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